Thyroid Problems in Down syndrome

Hypothyroidism (underactive) is the most common problem, both congenital and acquired.

Symptoms:- These may typically include:- tiredness, overweight, constipation, dry skin, lifeless hair and feeling cold, sparse hair and a rather hoarse voice. Symptoms usually develop slowly, and gradually become worse over months or years as the level of thyroxine (T4) in the body gradually reduces.

As the clinical features of Down syndrome can mask the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism making clinical diagnosis unreliable, therefore a blood test is required in order to make an accurate diagnosis.

Hyperthyroidism (overactive) is found more frequently in people with Down syndrome than in the general population.

Symptoms:- the major clinical signs include weight loss (often accompanied by an increased appetite), anxiety, intolerance to heat, tiredness, hair loss, weakness, hyperactivity, irritability, apathy, depression, polyuria, and sweating. Additionally, patients may present with a variety of symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath (dyspnea), nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to osteoporosis.